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Buttress

You can buttress an argument with solid facts or your financial portfolio with safe investments. You may find that giving compliments to everyone you meet buttresses your popularity. To buttress is to sustain or reinforce.

A buttress is a structure that adds stability to a wall or building, and this innovation played a significant role in the evolution of architecture. Think of a medieval cathedral. It's an incredibly tall, open building filled with light from vast windows. Without buttresses supporting the walls and carrying the weight of the ceiling away from the building and down to the ground, this cathedral would be impossible. Picture this when you use buttress figuratively as a verb meaning to strengthen and support.

Permeate

As tattoos permeate the mainstream, though, being ink-free may mean less and less. Attitudes towards tattoos are liberalizing...

per·me·ate

verb

Spread throughout (something)

Synonyms: pervade, spread through, fill

PAYLOAD :

Payload is what a vehicle carries.

If you have a plane with a payload of one ton, then that plane can carry one ton (including you and the snacks you may bring aboard).


Often, payload is estimated to be everything on board a vehicle that's worth money, or that produces income for the vehicle's owner. In the case of a commercial jet, that might be all the paying passengers. In other cases, a truck, ship, or plane's payload includes every single person and item on board, including the flight crew and fuel.

From about 1936, payload frequently referred to bombs carried by a military plane or missile.

Buffoon :

A buffoon is someone whose ridiculous behavior is a source of amusement to others.

People you might call a buffoon are a political rival or the guy at work who tells silly jokes at office parties.

The noun buffoon has changed its spelling over the years, but not really its meaning.

In Middle French, it was bouffon, which came from the Italian buffone, meaning "jester."

The original root is the Latin buffare. Think of the stereotypical court jester, the person who makes jokes and falls about trying to make the king laugh — he's paid to be a buffoon.

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Pander :

If a campaigning politician wants to pander to a crowd of pet owners, he might deliver a speech while embracing his own pet poodle.

To pander is to appease or gratify, and often in a negative, self-serving way.
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The word pander began its infamous history as the name of various characters. Pandaro was a character in Boccaccio’s Filostrato. Pandarus was a character in Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde, as well as in Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida.

These literary works all tell the tale of star-crossed lovers, and the namesake of pander is, essentially, a go-between whose motives don't seem entirely pure.